Galaxies NGC 4874/4889 & Coma Galaxy Cluster

NGC 4889 & NGC 4874
NGC 4889 & NGC 4874: Coma Galaxy Cluster; 30" SlipStream-Dobson f/3.3 + Canon EOS R; 65 x 13s @ ISO 40'000; Hasliberg; © 4. 3. 2025 Eduard von Bergen [29]
LoTR 5
LoTR 5: Left: Coma galaxy cluster, below: PN LoTR 5, right: galaxy NGC 4725; Technosky 60 mm f/6, 0.8 Reducer (f=288mm), ASI 2600 MC Pro, Skywatcher EQ6R pro; 153 frames, 300s, Gain 300, -10 °C; CLS filter; Oberbaselbiet; © 10.+12. April 2004 Jörg Studer

History

On 11 April 1785 William Herschel discovered total 72 nebulae using his 18.7-inch reflecting telescope, most of them he classified as faint nebulae (class II) and very faint nebulae (class II). Among those discovered nebulae were: NGC 4864, 4874, 4889, 4908, 4911, 4921, 4923 and 4927. John Herschel verified his father's observations on 13 April 1831 and added four more nebulae: NGC 4853, 4869, 4894 and 4898. [364, 466]

Heinrich d'Arrest conducted multiple observations from May 1863 through April 1885 using the 11-inch refractor at Copenhagen Observatory to verify the nebulae discovered by the two Herschels. The following 17 nebulae were added to Dreyer's «New General Catalogue»: NGC 4848, 4850, 4851, 4854, 4858, 4860, 4865, 4867, 4871, 4872, 4873, 4881, 4886, 4895, 4906, 4907 and 4919. D'Arrest was the first to recognize the Coma assemblage of galaxies as a cluster and wrote: «The nebulae are incredibly numerous and dense and despite being faint, they have a diversity one cannot imagine a priori. Sometimes, in the most favourable moments, I had the very definite impression that the nebulae, often only a few arcseconds in diameter, are intermingled with larger, roung, oblong, star-shaped or cometary ones, like oysters packed together in a barrel.» [313, 364]

NGC 4889
NGC 4889: Image taken by Hubble Space Telescope © NASA & ESA [261]

In May 1885, Guillaume Bigourdan observed this galaxy cluster with the 12.4-inch refractor at the Paris Observatory and discovered additional nebulae: NGC 4875, 4876, 4883, and 4896 were added by Dreyer in his «New General Catalogue» in 1888. Observations from April 1891 later appeared in Dreyer's two «Index Catalogue»: IC 839, IC 4051, and IC 4045. [313, 314, 315, 364]

Using the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory Hermann Kobold discovered in April/May 1895 and 1896 many more nebulae which were added in 2010 by Dreyer to his «Second Index Catalogue»: IC 3943, 3946, 3947, 3949, 3955, 3957, 3959, 3960, 3963, 3964, 3968, 3973, 3976, 3998, 4011, 4012, 4021, 4026, 4030, 4033, 4040, 4041, 4042, and 4044. [315, 364]

Physical Properties

NGC 4889 is a giant elliptical galaxy, about two and a half times larger than the Milky Way. In the centre of the featureless looking galaxy NGC 4899 lies a supermassive black hole with a mass 21 billion times greater than the Sun. Its event horizon is estimated with a diameter of approximately 130 billion kilometres, circa 15 times the diameter of Neptune’s orbit from the Sun. For comparison: The black hole at the centre of our galaxy is thought to be 4 million times more massive than the Sun with an event horizon just one fifth the orbit of Mercury. The black hole in the centre NGC 4889 of is currently inactive. It has stopped sucking in material and new stars are actually forming and orbiting around it. [261]

The two galaxies NGC 4874 and NGC 4889 dominate the gravitational centre of the Coma Cluster of galaxies (Abell 1656, ACO 1656). It is located circa 300 million light-years and according to Simbad it contains more than 3000 galaxies, most of them elliptical. [145] In the following table all the galaxies with NGC/IC numbers as shown in the 1° close-up of the finder chart are listed.

Revised+Historic NGC/IC Version 22/9, © 2022 Dr. Wolfgang Steinicke [277]
NameRADecTypebMagvMagB-VSBDimPAzD(z)MDDreyer DescriptionIdentification, Remarks
NGC 484812 58 05.7+28 14 33Gx (SBc)14.413.70.713.31.6 × 0.51580.02351399.32pF, S, lEGC 5686; UGC 8082; MCG 5-31-39; CGCG 160-55; DRCG 27-220; KUG 1255+285; IRAS 12556+2830
NGC 485012 58 21.7+27 58 06Gx (S0)15.214.21.013.20.7 × 0.5630.02008784.85F, S, RGC 5688; MCG 5-31-40; CGCG 160-63; NPM1G +28.0251; DRCG 27-137
NGC 4851 112 58 21.8+28 08 52Gx (S0)15.214.21.011.30.4 × 0.21120.026221110.7F, vS, rGC 5689; CGCG 160-61; DRCG 27-199
NGC 4851 212 58 22.3+28 09 07Gx (S0)16.015.01.011.80.3 × 0.21000.02237294.50F, vS, rGC 5689; DRCG 27-198
NGC 485312 58 35.4+27 35 45Gx (E-S0)14.413.60.813.00.8 × 0.7810.025604108.1F, S, R, pslbMh 1496; GC 3336; UGC 8092; MCG 5-31-48; CGCG 160-68; DRCG 27-43; IRAS 12561+2752; 2ZW 67; KUG 1256+278B
NGC 485412 58 47.6+27 40 27Gx (SB0)14.913.91.013.71.2 × 0.8570.027933117.994.400vF, pL, comGC 5690; MCG 5-31-49; CGCG 160-70; DRCG 27-58
NGC 485812 59 02.3+28 06 55Gx (SBb)15.715.20.513.60.5 × 0.4360.031475132.9F, vS, p of D nebGC 5691; MCG 5-31-51; CGCG 160-213; DRCG 21-195; IRAS 12566+2823
NGC 486012 59 04.0+28 07 24Gx (E2)14.613.51.114.10.9 × 0.81260.026618112.494.400pF, S, R, f of D nebGC 5693; MCG 5-31-54; CGCG 160-215; DRCG 27-194
NGC 486412 59 13.2+27 58 35Gx (E6)14.613.61.011.80.7 × 0.51290.02253295.1794.400F, S, p of 2h 1500; GC 3343; MCG 5-31-58; CGCG 160-221; ARAK 397; DRCG 27-159
NGC 486512 59 20.0+28 05 03Gx (E3)14.613.70.912.80.9 × 0.51150.01567766.22vF, vS, * 7·8 f 13sGC 5694; UGC 8100; MCG 5-31-64; CGCG 160-224; DRCG 27-179
NGC 486712 59 15.5+27 58 14Gx (E3)15.414.50.913.50.5 × 0.430.01596467.4394.400vF, vS, stellar, f h 1500MCG 5-31-62; CGCG 160-222; DRCG 27-133
NGC 486912 59 23.5+27 54 41Gx (E3)14.813.81.013.10.8 × 0.7690.02287996.6494.400cF, S, R, * 7 nWH II 388; h 1501; GC 3344; MCG 5-31-65; CGCG 160-225; DRCG 27-105
NGC 487112 59 30.1+27 57 23Gx (S0)15.214.21.012.80.7 × 0.51770.02244594.81vF, vS, stell NMCG 5-31-66; CGCG 160-227; DRCG 27-131
NGC 487212 59 35.8+27 57 34Gx (E0)12.611.70.913.11.9 × 1.90.023937101.194.660pF, pS, RWH II 389; h 1502; GC 3347; UGC 8103; MCG 5-31-70; CGCG 160-231; Z 1257.2+2814; DRCG 27-129
NGC 487312 59 32.9+27 59 00Gx (S0)15.114.11.013.10.8 × 0.61050.01931081.56vF, vSMCG 5-31-69; CGCG 160-229; DRCG 27-155
NGC 487412 59 34.3+27 56 48Gx (SB0)15.414.41.015.20.5 × 0.31230.023993101.394.400F, h 1501 and 1502 pGC 5695; MCG 5-31-68; CGCG 160-230; DRCG 27-130
NGC 487512 59 38.1+27 54 27Gx (S0)15.714.71.012.30.4 × 0.31230.026835113.3vF, vS, stellarCGCG 160-232; DRCG 27-104
NGC 487612 59 44.6+27 54 44Gx (E5)15.414.41.012.90.6 × 0.4180.02227594.0994.400vF, vS, no NuclMCG 5-31-73; CGCG 160-234; ARAK 398; DRCG 27-124
NGC 488112 59 57.9+28 14 47Gx (E0)14.613.61.013.51 × 10.02238994.57F, S, lE, * 9 spGC 5696; UGC 8106; MCG 5-31-75; CGCG 160-238; DRCG 27-217
NGC 488312 59 56.2+28 02 03Gx (SB0)15.414.31.112.10.5 × 0.3970.027289115.2vF, S, stellarCGCG 160-237; DRCG 27-175
NGC 488613 00 04.6+27 59 11Gx (E0)14.813.90.914.00.6 × 0.60.02132190.0694.400F, S, R, II 391 f 4sGC 5699; NGC 4882; MCG 5-31-76; CGCG 160-239; DRCG 27-151
NGC 488913 00 08.3+27 58 35Gx (E3)12.511.51.013.32.8 × 2800.02166591.51101.77pB, pmE, bM, * 7 nWH II 391; h 1507; GC 3351; NGC 4884; UGC 8110; MCG 5-31-77; CGCG 160-241; DRCG 27-148
NGC 489413 00 16.7+27 58 01Gx (S0)16.115.20.912.60.5 × 0.1270.01545765.29pF, S, Rh 1510; GC 3354; CGCG 160-247; DRCG 27-122
NGC 489513 00 18.0+28 12 06Gx (S0/P)14.213.21.013.21.8 × 0.61530.028326119.6vF, S, RGC 5701; UGC 8113; MCG 5-31-81; CGCG 160-249; DRCG 27-206
NGC 4895 A13 00 09.3+28 10 12Gx (E5)16.015.01.013.70.6 × 0.3990.02261995.5494.400vF, S, RGC 5701; CGCG 160-245; RB 167; DRCG 27-207
NGC 489613 00 30.9+28 20 47Gx (E-S0)14.913.91.013.11 × 0.650.02005484.71vF, vS, R, mbMUGC 8117; MCG 5-31-84; CGCG 160-87; DRCG 27-232
NGC 4898 113 00 17.7+27 57 18Gx (E3)14.513.51.012.00.6 × 0.4900.02302697.26vF, S, close to h 1510MCG 5-31-82; CGCG 160-248; DRCG 27-121
NGC 4898 213 00 18.2+27 57 20Gx (E0)14.613.61.011.70.4 × 0.40.02221993.85vF, S, close to h 1510MCG 5-31-82; CGCG 160-248; DRCG 27-121
NGC 490613 00 39.8+27 55 26Gx (E3)15.114.11.012.70.5 × 0.50.025087105.994.400vF, vS, * 15 pGC 5702; CGCG 160-253; DRCG 27-118
NGC 490713 00 48.8+28 09 25Gx (SBb)14.413.60.813.51.1 × 1420.01961082.83eF, vS, * 13 attGC 5703; MCG 5-31-89; CGCG 160-257; DRCG 27-205
NGC 490813 00 54.4+28 00 25Gx (E2)14.213.21.013.01 × 0.81050.01665870.36101.11vF, vSWH III 363; GC 5704; UGC 8129; MCG 5-31-90; CGCG 160-259; DRCG 27-143
NGC 491113 00 56.3+27 47 25Gx (SBbc)13.612.80.813.31.2 × 1.11270.026635112.5103.001st of 4, F, pL, * 11 2' npWH II 392; GC 3364; UGC 8128; MCG 5-31-93; CGCG 160-260; DRCG 27-82; IRAS 12584+2803
NGC 4911 A13 00 54.0+27 47 04Gx (S0)15.914.91.012.00.4 × 0.2450.027883117.71st of 4, F, pL, * 11 2' npWH II 392; GC 3364; DRCG 27-62
NGC 491913 01 17.6+27 48 31Gx (S0)15.114.11.013.61.1 × 0.71400.024464103.3vF, vS, 2nd of 4GC 5708; UGC 8133; MCG 5-31-97; CGCG 160-94; DRCG 27-79
NGC 492113 01 26.3+27 53 08Gx (SBab)13.012.20.813.82.4 × 2.11650.01828677.24F, pL, 3rd of 4WH II 393; h 1516; GC 3368; UGC 8134; MCG 5-31-98; CGCG 160-95; DRCG 27-97
NGC 492313 01 31.8+27 50 49Gx (E/SB0)14.713.71.013.10.8 × 0.80.01829377.2794.400vF, 4th of 4WH II 394; h 1518; GC 3369; MCG 5-31-101; CGCG 160-97; DRCG 27-78
NGC 492713 01 57.6+28 00 22Gx (E-S0)14.813.81.012.30.6 × 0.4150.025898109.3vFWH III 364; GC 3372; MCG 5-31-104; CGCG 160-105; DRCG 27-141
IC 83912 58 15.0+28 07 35Gx (S0)15.814.81.012.80.6 × 0.3920.024904105.1stellar, 13mCGCG 160-57; DRCG 27-200; DFOT 201
IC 394312 58 36.5+28 06 48Gx (S0-a)15.614.70.912.30.6 × 0.2500.02264695.66pF, vS, iFCGCG 160-69; DRCG 27-197
IC 394612 58 49.1+27 48 35Gx (S0)15.114.01.112.50.7 × 0.4800.01956382.63F, pS, bMMCG 5-31-50; CGCG 160-210; DRCG 27-91
IC 394712 58 52.0+27 47 08Gx (S0)15.414.41.011.20.3 × 0.2950.01895380.06vF, SCGCG 160-211; NPM1G +28.0253; DRCG 27-72
IC 394912 58 56.6+27 49 59Gx (S0/P)15.114.30.812.41 × 0.2730.025254106.6108.00F, pS, EUGC 8096; MCG 5-31-52; CGCG 160-212; KUG 1256+281; DRCG 27-89
IC 395512 59 06.1+27 59 46Gx (SB0)15.414.41.011.50.4 × 0.2300.025611108.1vF, S, N 14 magCGCG 160-216; DRCG 27-160
IC 395712 59 07.5+27 46 00Gx (E0)15.614.61.012.70.4 × 0.40.02113589.2794.400cF, vS, R, bMMCG 5-31-60; CGCG 160-218; DRCG 27-70
IC 395912 59 08.3+27 47 01Gx (E0)15.214.21.012.80.5 × 0.50.02364399.8794.400F, pS, R, lbMMCG 5-31-59; CGCG 160-217; DRCG 27-69
IC 396012 59 08.0+27 51 17Gx (SB0)15.914.91.012.80.4 × 0.40.02208993.30vF, pS, difficMCG 5-31-55; CGCG 160-219; DRCG 27-109
IC 3960 A12 59 09.8+27 52 01Gx (S0?)17.016.20.813.00.3 × 0.2800.02306997.44vF, pS, difficMCG 5-31-56
IC 396312 59 13.6+27 46 26Gx (S0)15.714.71.012.90.7 × 0.3850.02284696.50vF, vS, R, bMMCG 5-31-61; CGCG 160-220; DRCG 27-68
IC 396412 59 13.6+27 51 04*eF, vS
IC 396812 59 25.6+27 58 21Gx (S0)16.215.21.012.30.4 × 0.2450.02038786.11eF, vS, * 14 nrRB 14; DRCG 27-157
IC 397312 59 30.7+27 53 06Gx (SB0)15.414.41.012.20.5 × 0.31600.01586167.00F, vS, R, N 13 magCGCG 160-228; DRCG 27-103
IC 397612 59 29.5+27 51 00Gx (E6)15.714.71.012.30.5 × 0.21600.02289996.72* 14 inv in vF nebCGCG 160-226; DRCG 27-88
IC 399812 59 46.9+27 58 22Gx (SB0)15.614.61.013.50.8 × 0.5100.031532133.1eF, pSCGCG 160-236; DRCG 27-152
IC 401113 00 06.6+28 00 11Gx (E0)16.115.11.013.70.5 × 0.50.024243102.494.400eF, vS, N 15mCGCG 160-242; DRCG 27-150
IC 401213 00 08.1+28 04 42Gx (E3)16.014.91.111.90.3 × 0.21350.024243102.494.400* 14 in vF nebCGCG 160-244; DRCG 27-174
IC 402113 00 14.9+28 02 26Gx (E0)15.914.81.112.90.4 × 0.40.01913780.8394.400* 14 in vF nebMCG 5-31-80; CGCG 160-246; ARAK 399; DRCG 27-172
IC 402613 00 22.3+28 02 47Gx (SB0)15.614.61.011.80.3 × 0.30.027346115.5* 14 in vF nebCGCG 160-250; DRCG 27-170
IC 403013 00 28.0+27 57 18Gx (S0)16.415.41.013.00.4 × 0.3100.02329698.40eF, vS, R, * 15 invRB 99; DRCG 27-119
IC 403313 00 28.6+27 58 20Gx (S0)16.015.01.013.20.7 × 0.3950.025728108.6eF, pS, RRB 100; DRCG 27-147
IC 404013 00 38.1+28 03 24Gx (SBcd)15.414.80.613.21 × 0.31530.026151110.4103.00vF, S, R, gbMMCG 5-31-85; CGCG 160-252; IRAS 12582+2819; DRCG 27-169; KUG 1258+283; PGC 44792 ?
IC 404113 00 40.8+27 59 49Gx (E5)15.314.40.913.40.4 × 0.2300.023723100.2vF, pSMCG 5-31-86; CGCG 160-254; PGC 44802; DRCG 27-145
IC 404213 00 42.7+27 58 18Gx (SB0)15.314.31.012.60.5 × 0.50.02132190.06F, S, bMCGCG 160-255; DRCG 27-144
IC 4042 A13 00 42.8+27 57 48Gx (S0)16.315.31.013.20.4 × 0.40.027906117.8119.67F, S, bMRB 113; DRCG 27-116
IC 404413 00 47.5+27 55 18Gx (S0-a)16.315.40.912.20.3 × 0.2450.028590120.7eF, S, lbMRB 119; DRCG 27-117
IC 404513 00 48.8+28 05 25Gx (E4)15.013.91.112.90.8 × 0.51150.02314997.7894.400pF, S, bMMCG 5-31-88; CGCG 160-256; DRCG 27-168
IC 405113 00 51.6+28 02 34Gx (E5)14.713.61.113.60.9 × 0.8490.029330123.8pF, S, R, bM, 4908 npMCG 5-31-92; CGCG 160-258; DRCG 27-167

Finder Chart

The galaxy NGC 4889 and its companions of the Coma Cluster are located in the constellation Coma Berenices. The best observation time is January to December, when it is highest at night.

Coma Berenices: Galaxies NGC 4874/4889 & Coma Galaxy Cluster
Finder Chart Galaxies NGC 4874/4889 & Coma Galaxy Cluster
14:41
22:22 | 71°
06:02
Charts created using SkySafari 6 Pro, STScI Digitized Sky Survey and Astrometry.net. Limiting magnitudes: Constellation chart ~6.5 mag, DSS2 close-ups ~20 mag. Times are shown for timezone UTC, Latitude 46.7996°, Longitude 8.23225°, Horizon height 5°, Date 2025-04-24. [132, 149, 160]

Visual Observation

350 mm Aperture: On approx. 2/3 degree field of view, 35 to 40 galaxies in the cluster Abell 1656 can be seen immediately without effort. — 14" PWO-Dobson, F:4.6 / TV-Nagler 13mm, 123x, 0.67°, Glaubenberg, 2. 4. 2005, Durchsicht ca. 6.7m, Eduard von Bergen

Objects Within a Radius of 10°

References